​Geology of Taiwan

The island of Taiwan is active geologically, formed on a complex convergent boundary between the Yangtze Subplate of the Eurasian Plate to the west and north, the Okinawa Plate on the north-east, the Philippine Plate on the east and south, and the Sunda Plate to the southwest. Subduction changes direction at Taiwan. The upper part of the crust on the island is primarily made up of a series of terranes, mostly old island arcs which have been forced together by the collision of the forerunners of the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate, which is moving to the northwest. These have been further uplifted as a result of the detachment of a portion of the Eurasian Plate as it was subducted beneath remnants of the Philippine Sea Plate, a process which left the crust under Taiwan more buoyant.[1]

South of Taiwan, the Philippine Sea Plate is subducting under the Sunda Plate, forming the Luzon Volcanic Arc (including Green Island and Orchid Island). The east and south of the island are a complex system of belts formed by, and part of the zone of, active collision between the North Luzon Trough portion of the Luzon Volcanic Arc and the Eurasian Plate, where accreted portions of the Luzon Arc and Luzon forearc form the eastern Coastal Range and parallel inland Taitung Longitudinal Valley of Taiwan respectively.[2]
To the northeast, the Philippine Sea Plate is subducting under the Okinawa Plate, forming the Ryukyu Volcanic Arc.

​台灣地質
臺灣位於菲律賓海板塊和歐亞板塊的聚合邊界，為一個造山作用活躍的活動構造區，根據GPS觀測資料，菲律賓海板塊以每年8.2公分的移動速度向西北移動[1]。菲律賓海板塊的隱沒方向在臺灣改變，在臺灣南方，歐亞板塊朝東隱沒到菲律賓海板塊之下，形成馬尼拉海溝及其東側的呂宋火山島弧，到了臺灣北方，菲律賓海板塊則是朝北隱沒到歐亞板塊之下，造成琉球海溝及其北側的琉球火山島弧和沖繩海槽。[2]

​Taiwan Coal Mine Museum
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